Scientists have confirmed the presence of water ice in permanently shadowed craters at the Moon’s north and south poles, a finding that reshapes expectations for future lunar habitation.
The discovery has ignited a “moon rush” among space agencies and commercial firms eager to build bases, villages and eventually industrial neighborhoods, envisioning a self‑sustaining lunar economy.
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However, researchers caution that the amount of accessible water may be insufficient for large‑scale cities or heavy industry, raising questions about the efficiency of extraction and long‑term sustainability.